Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Midterm Pop Culture Critique Narcos - 1695 Words

Luis Garcia Sociology 101 Professor Gomez 10/26/2017 Midterm Pop Culture Critique: Narcos One of the most famous American gangsters of all-time, Al Capone, also known as Scarface, was a highly-recognized Mafioso (a member of a†¦show more content†¦Narcos is a gritty gangster drama series based on the true story of Colombia’s infamously violent and powerful drug cartels during the 1980’s and 1990’s. â€Å"Good people and bad people† are terms interchangeably used in this TV show and when deviance is depicted in the Narcos show, it is not only the criminals departing from the usual or accepted standards from society but also political and government officials are as much deviant as the Narcos themselves. I will also argue that this show uplifts toxic masculinity which is socially-constructed attitudes that describe the masculine gender role as violent, unemotional, sexually aggressive, and how toxic masculinity ruins society and men through the exam ples displayed from the show. Pablo Escobar, when speaking on deviance once said, â€Å"[A]ll empires are created of blood and fire†. I agree with what Escobar said, because all empires have their positives, but at the same time many, if not all are built upon bloodshed and do we critique when great empires take over another country and the way they go about that with raping, torture or other means of submission? Deviance plays a big role in everything that has to do with building a great nation or a world-wide cartel. When deviance is depicted on the Narcos show, some of the deviance is noted by government officials. The Narcos show demonstrates how many officials of the Colombian police department deviated and departed

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Students With Disabilities In UAE Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This survey aims to find the behavior jobs among pupils with disablements in United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the relationship between these jobs and a figure of variables with respect to gender, age, type and badness of disablement from which the nothing hypotheses for the survey have emerged. The survey sample consisted of 297 pupils enrolled in the rehabilitation centres affiliated to the Ministry of Social Affairs. For this intent, research workers designed a questionnaire which was developed on the footing of the content cogency and its dependability was verified through the dependability coefficient which reaches 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Students With Disabilities In UAE Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 91. After analyzing the void hypotheses of the survey, findings indicate that there are important differences at 0.05 degree in the behaviour jobs harmonizing to the variables of gender, age, type and badness of disablement. It has been found out that male pupils above eight old ages old, pupils with rational disablement and those with terrible disablements are most to exhibit behavior jobs. Findingss have besides shown the types of behaviour jobs from which that pupils with disablements suffered harmonizing to the survey variables. On this footing, the survey has provided a figure of recommendations, the most of import of which are: provide behaviour accommodation plans addressed to pupils with rational disablements ; supply societal rehabilitation and communicating plans for pupils with terrible disablements. Introduction A behaviour job is defined as a socially inappropriate or harmful behaviour to self or to others. Its standards include the prevailing behavior in the society in which the kid lives. Thus a given behaviour may be considered a behaviour job in one community, while it is non so in another. Furthermore, the form and the frequence of the behaviour are considered among the standards that define the behavioural job, in add-on to the grade of rightness between the behaviour and the state of affairs and its relationship to the ability of the pupil to larn. Kirk et Al ( 2003 ) define the behaviour job as divergence from the behavior that is appropriate up to the age which interferes with person ‘s growing, his development and the lives of others. Ibrahem et. Al. ( 1993 ) believe that kids in the Arab World suffer from many behavior jobs as a consequence of societal alterations that in their communities and the deficiency of specialised rehabilitation services. In position of the increased behaviour jobs of pupils with disablements and the function of these jobs in forestalling their psychological and societal version, and impeding benefits of educational and curative services provided for them, this survey aims to place the most frequent behaviour jobs that pupils with disablements who enrolled in centres affiliated to the Ministry of Social Affairs ( United Arab Emirates, UAE ) in relationship of gender, age, type and badness of their disablements. The significance of this survey stems from the fact that pupils with disablements are most vulnerable to behavior jobs ensuing from their failure to accommodate demands of their surrounding community and the deficiency of mental or centripetal perceptual experience of the stimulation around them. These jobs affect those single ‘s ability to get the necessary accomplishments and their adaptability to social and school environments. In position of the importance of this topic and the rareness of surveies that deal with it in the Arab universe, particularly in the UAE, this survey will be a new add-on. Therefore, it seeks to accomplish the undermentioned aims: To place the behaviour jobs exhibited by pupils with disablements. To stipulate the function of the undermentioned variables in the happening of behaviour jobs in pupils with disablements who join rehabilitation centres in the state ( gender, age, type and badness of disablement ) . Hypothesiss of the Study are: There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behaviour jobs which are attributed to the gender of the handicapped. There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behaviour jobs which are attributed to the age of the handicapped. There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behaviour jobs which are attributed to the type of disablement. There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behaviour jobs which are attributed to the badness of disablement. Reappraisal of Literature As for the prevalence of behavior jobs among kids, Tuma ‘s survey ( 1989 ) has indicated that 11 % of kids are enduring from behavioural and mental upsets. This per centum increases greatly if we add to it those pupils with larning jobs. Harmonizing to Sabah ‘s survey ( 1993 ) , kids with disablements have different types of unwanted behaviour forms. This is emphasized by Al-Khateeb ( 2003 ) , who states that pupils with rational disablement form the highest per centum of those who suffered from behaviour jobs, due to their inability to find facets of socially acceptable behaviour ; the deficiency of their lingual abilities which makes them fall back to aggression to show their emotions ; their exposure to legion failure and defeat experiences as a consequence of the environing societal tendencies ; and the nature of their disablement which frequently makes them unable to find socially acceptable facets of behavior. Al-Rosan ( 2001 ) highlights a figure of common behavioural features that make pupils with rational disablement, physical disablement and ocular damage more apt to behavior jobs than others. The most of import of these features for pupils with rational disablements are the deficiency of the ability to larn, hapless attending and concentration, defeat, feeling of failure, memory loss and the obvious lack in larning transportation. He indicated that pupils with rational disablement besides suffer from the jobs of version in their societal and professional development, an disposition to be isolated from others. As for the physically disabled, their personal qualities are varied harmonizing to the badness of disablement. The feelings of anxiousness, fright, rejection, aggressiveness, invagination and lower status might be among the distinguished features of their behaviours. In add-on to that, these jobs are influenced by others ‘ attitudes and reactions towards their ability to mo bilise. The visually impaired normally suffer from feelings of failure and defeat which consequences in lower academic accomplishment when compared with their equals. However, Salha ‘s ( 2007 ) survey on pupils with visually damages has indicated that they suffer from behavioural and emotional jobs, including chiefly: fright, anxiousness, uncertainty, dependence and aggressiveness. Harmonizing to the survey variables, these jobs appeared among females at higher rates than males and less with the highly handicapped and younger pupils. Other surveies stressed that physical aggressive behaviour is rare among unsighted kids, while verbal aggression prevails among them, particularly with males ( Khudair A ; Beblawi, 2004 ) . Samreen ( 2003 ) who studied behavior jobs with deaf adult females found that they were more sensitive and embarrassed, which leads to shyness, maintaining off from others, or holding scores against them. Some of them acquire introverted, vindictive and covetous of others, and show marks of crossness and rebelliousness. In another survey conducted by Jaffal ( 1994 ) revealed that pupils with hearing damages showed that backdown and externally directed behaviours are the most outstanding behaviours of pupils with hearing damages. This consequence was similar to Abdullah ‘s survey ( 1983 ) which is indicated that pupils with hearing damages were characterized by aggressiveness, invagination, emotional instability and low societal adulthood. Szakowski A ; Brubaker ( 2000 ) carried out a survey on parents of pupils with hearing damages aged 3-8 old ages. Consequences indicated that deaf kids harmonizing to their parents suffer from behaviour jobs, chiefly noncompliance to ordinanc es and instructions, though such jobs were non related to inadequate parenting. A recent survey conducted by Totsika et al. , ( 2008 ) to look into behavior jobs with pupils with rational disablement suggested that their behaviour appears at an early phase and continues for life. By following behavior jobs in pupils over 11 old ages, the survey indicated that the most common jobs were terrible physical aggression, self-harm and perennial typicality, while the jobs that appeared during survey old ages were non correlated. Mackenzie-Davis and Mansell ( 2007 ) carried a survey on pupils with rational disablements enduring from behavior jobs in order to find the frequence of those jobs during the past 20 old ages. The survey found out that awaited behaviour jobs identified during the old 20 old ages were still observed. Karen et. Al. ( 2007 ) survey aimed at acknowledging the developmental behaviours of psychological upsets of pupils with, and without, rational disablement. The child behavior list was used for two samples of pupils aged 6-18 old ages. Findingss indicated that pupils with rational disablements showed a higher degree of behavior jobs in assorted ages in comparing with the non-intellectual handicapped. It appeared besides that there were important differences between the two samples in aggressive behaviour and attending jobs. It showed besides that societal jobs among intellectually handicapped males were decreased over clip, and the aggressive behaviour was more frequent among younger pupils than among those who reached 18 year-old. In another survey, Karen et Al. ( 2008 ) investigated the range of continuity of behaviour jobs in pupils with mild rational disablement in contrast with moderate rational disablement, which lasted for 5 old ages. This survey showed that most behavior jobs of pupils with moderate rational disablement had higher degree of steadiness and continuity in contrast to those with mild rational disablement. Hogue et Al. ( 2007 ) conducted a survey on pupils with rational disablements in residential establishments with different degrees of supervising. It was found that pupils enrolled in higher supervising system were extremely rated in physical aggression than those enrolled in lower supervising system, whereas no differences were observed in externally directed behavior jobs such as verbal aggression, noncompliance and hyperactivity. In add-on, pupils enrolled in higher supervising system had significantly higher degrees of autonomous behaviour jobs as anxiousness, depression and self-appreciation. Ross A ; Cornish ( 2002 ) survey sought to find the rate and stereotyping of behaviours, self-harm and aggressiveness in kids and striplings with Cri du Chat Syndrome. Findingss suggested that 82 % of the instances showed stereotyping behaviours and half of the instances showed it daily. Out of 15 signifiers of self-harm behaviours, it was found that hitting the caput, biting and pigeonholing were most common, while aggressive behaviour was reached at 88 % , with a negative correlativity between age and aggressiveness. Methodology Participants Participants in the present survey comprise all pupils with disablements enrolled in the five chief rehabilitation centres affiliated to the Ministry of Social Affairs in the United Arab Emirates. These centres are supplying their services for pupils with mild, moderate and terrible disablements, enduring from rational, hearing, physical and ocular disablements. The entire figure of pupils in these centres is 506 male childs and misss aged 5-20 old ages old. All pupils whose parents agreed to take part in the survey were included and considered to be the sample of the survey. Therefore, the survey sample was 297 male childs and misss which represent ( 58 % ) of the entire population. Table No. 1 shows the distribution of participants harmonizing to the survey variables. Table No. 1 Distribution of the Sample of the Study Harmonizing to Gender, Age, Type and Severity of Disability Percentage Number Gender 53.2 % 158 Male 46.8 % 139 Female Percentage Number Age 28.3 % 84 Less than 8 old ages 43.4 % 129 8- 12 old ages 28.3 % 84 13 old ages and more Percentage Number Type of Disability 68 % 202 Intellectual 18.9 % 56 Hearing 3.7 % 11 Ocular 9.4 % 28 Physical Percentage Number Badness of disablement 21.2 % 63 Mild 29 % 86 Moderate 49.8 % 148 Severe 100 % 297 Entire Instrument The research workers developed a questionnaire of all behaviour jobs that may be exhibited by pupils with disablements to be filled by the societal workers and psychologists for each pupil based on his/her portfolio and audiences with parents. The societal workers and psychologists were asked to place the frequence of any behaviour job undergone by each pupil which needs an intercession through a behavior alteration plan, or educational and psychological Sessionss for either the pupil or his/her household. Validity and dependability of the instrument were insured through content cogency where 10 module members from Particular Education Department and Psychology Department at the UAE University were consulted to do certain of the rightness of the linguistic communication of the instrument every bit good as its inclusiveness of all possible behavioural jobs. Their responses were analyzed and so some points were amended in conformity with their positions in instance seven of them reache d consensus on a specific point. As for the instrument dependability, internal consistence was employed to find its dependability, which was 0.91. Procedures After guaranting the cogency and dependability of the survey instrument, the research workers took the necessary processs in order to administrate it to the survey sample. In the same context, the undermentioned processs were taken: Written consents from all parties involved in the survey were guaranteed: decision makers of the rehabilitation centres, societal workers, psychologists and parents. Social workers and psychologists were trained to make full in the survey instrument by citing to each pupil portfolio which includes all necessary intercession plans and services. In add-on, parents of each kid were interviewed to verify the portfolio information every bit good as sing their positions in respect to each behavioral job. The informations were classified, coded and entered into computing machines, so treated statistically by utilizing the plan of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) which was performed by acquiring the per centums of the frequences of responses of the survey sample, and Chi Square Test. Consequences and Discussion The First Null Hypothesis There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behavior jobs among pupils which are attributed to gender. Chi-Squared Test was used to analyze this hypothesis. Consequences in table 2 indicates that there are important differences in Table No. 2 Chi Square Test of Behavioral Problems Differences Harmonizing to Gender Sign. df Person Chi-square Residual Expected Value Observed Value Behavior jobs 0.000* 14 64.644 Female Male Female Male Female Male 19.4 19.4- 35.6 40.4 55 21 No jobs 2.6- 2.6 20.6 23.4 18 26 Anxiety 6.6- 6.6 12.6 14.4 6 21 Aggression 2.7- 2.7 3.7 4.3 1 7 Emotional droop 1.1 1.1- 0.9 1.1 2 0 Impudence 8.4- 8.4 16.4 18.6 8 27 Stubbornness 0.8- 0.8 2.8 3.2 2 4 Liing 1.4- 1.4 9.4 10.6 8 12 Phobia 2.6 2.6- 8.4 9.6 11 7 Isolation 8.4 8.4- 12.6 14.4 21 6 Shyness 5.7- 5.7 11.7 13.3 6 19 Hyperactivity 0.5- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1 Steeling 1.4- 1.4 1.4 1.6 1 3 Bedwetting 0.4- 0.4 1.4 1.6 1 2 Nail-biting 0.9- 0.9 0.9 1.1 0 2 Sucking fingers 139 158 Entire * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) behaviour jobs exhibited by pupils with disablements in relation to their gender. It has been found that behaviour job is more common among males than females, and that the difference between the ascertained and expected values was 19.4 among females with no behaviour jobs, which is a important value. This consequence is in struggle with Salha ‘s survey ( 2007 ) carried out on pupils with ocular disablements which indicated that behavior jobs among females are higher than males. To verify the consequence of this survey, Odds Ratio were calculated and exceeds above one ( 1.936 ) which means that there are differences among pupils with disablements in relation to behavioral jobs. In add-on, Risk Ratio were besides calculated exceeds besides one ( 1.365 ) which means male pupils exhibits more behavioural jobs comparing to female pupils. The above tabular array shows that the most common behaviour jobs among males are: stubbornness, aggression and hyperactivity where the differences between the ascertained value and expected one amounted to 8.4, 6.6, 5.7 severally, which are important different. This consequence is in understanding with Al-Zarad ‘s survey ( 2001 ) , which indicated that the per centum of prevalence of attending shortage and hyperactivity sums to about 10 % of the sample of the survey, and that the per centum of male pupils enduring from this job is ternary than female pupils. This survey besides found out that the most common behaviour job among females is shyness, with a difference of 8.4 between the ascertained and expected value. This consequence is in understanding with Samreen ( 2003 ) which indicated that deaf adult females are more sensitive and embarrassed with their disablements which leads to shyness and withdrawal. This consequence may be due to the fact that females in oriental soci eties tend to be diffident and they are non provided with the same chances given to males. The Second Null Hypothesis There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behavior jobs among pupils which are attributed to their age. Chi-Squared Test was used to analyze this hypothesis. Consequences in table 3 indicates that there are important differences between Table No. 3 Chi Square Test of Behavioral Problems Differences Harmonizing to Age Behavior jobs Observed Value Expected Value Residual Person Chi-square df Sign Less than 8 8-12 13 A ; over Less than 8 8-12 13 A ; over Less than 8 8-12 13 A ; over 211.74 28 0.000* No jobs 42 22 12 21.5 33 21.5 20.5 11- 9.5- Anxiety 0 8 36 12.4 19.1 12.4 12.4- 19.1 12.4 Aggression 2 22 3 6.7 11.7 7.7 5.6- 10.3 4.6- Emotional droop 0 1 7 2.3 3.5 2.3 2.3- 2.5- 4.7 Electric resistance 0 0 2 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6- 0.9- 1.4 Stubbornness 3 25 7 9.9 15.2 9.9 6.9- 9.8 2.9- Liing 0 0 6 1.7 2.6 1.7 1.7- 2.6- 4.3 Phobia 13 6 1 5.7 8.7 5.7 7.3 2.7- 4.7- Isolation 0 16 2 5.1 7.8 5.1 5.1- 8.2 3.1- Shyness 15 9 3 7.6 11.7 7.6 7.4 2.7- 4.6- Hyperactive 5 16 4 7.1 10.9 7.1 2.1- 5.1 3.1- Steeling 0 0 1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3- 0.4- 0.7 Bedwetting 2 1 0 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.3- 0.8- Nail-biting 0 3 0 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.8- 1.7 0.8- Sucking Fingers 2 0 0 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.9- 0.6- Entire 84 129 84 * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) behaviour jobs harmonizing to the age of the sample of the survey, in favour of pupils aged 8 old ages and supra. This is in contrast to those pupils aged below 8 old ages among whom behaviour jobs are non important since the difference between the ascertained and expected value among them was 20.5. This consequence is in struggle with Karen ‘s et. Al. ( 2007 ) , which concluded that behavior jobs among intellectually handicapped males lessening over clip. The ground for such struggle may be due to restricting Karen ‘s et. Al survey to lone pupils with rational disablement. The above tabular array besides indicates that anxiousness is the most common job among those pupils aged 13 old ages old and above, the difference between the ascertained and expected value is 12.4. This may be due to that pupil reached the adolescence phase and the related alterations that may find their hereafter individuality. It besides indicates that the most common behaviour jobs among pupils aged 8-12 old ages old are anxiousness, followed by aggression, stubbornness so isolation, with fluctuations of 19.1, 10.3, 9.8, 8.2 severally between observed and expected values. Furthermore, the survey find that the most common behaviour jobs among pupils who are less than 8 old ages old are shyness and phobia, with a difference of 7.4, 7.3 severally between observed and expected values. This may be due to the insufficient development of societal communicating accomplishments at this phase and non-adaptation to disablement. The Third Null Hypothesis There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behavior jobs among pupils which are attributed to the type of disablement. Person Chi-Squared Test was used to analyze this hypothesis. Consequences in table 4 indicate that there are important differences between behaviour jobs ensuing from the type of disablement. Table No. 4 Person Chi-Square Correlation between Behavioral Problems and the Type of Disability Value df Sign. Person Chi- Square 72.446 42 0.002* * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) In order to do certain the favour of these differences between disablements are, and how far behavior jobs are common in each type of disablement, Chi-Squared Test was used and consequences are illustrated in tabular arraies 5, 6, 7 A ; 8. Table No. 5 Chi-Square Test for Students with Intellectual Disability Behavior Problems Sign. df Chi-square Residual Expected Value Observed Value Percentage Behavior jobs 0.000* 13 158.257 29.6 14.4 44 21.8 % No jobs 18.6 14.4 33 16.3 % Anxiety 8.6 14.4 23 11.4 % Aggression 6.4- 14.4 8 4.0 % Emotional droop 12.4- 14.4 2 1.0 % Impudence 13.6 14.4 28 13.9 % Stubbornness 9.4- 14.4 5 2.5 % Liing 2.4- 14.4 12 5.9 % Phobia 4.4- 14.4 10 5.0 % Isolation 0.6 14.4 15 7.4 % Shyness 2.6 14.4 17 8.4 % Hyperactive 13.4- 14.4 1 0.5 % Steeling 12.4- 14.4 2 1.0 % Bedwetting 12.4- 14.4 2 1.0 % Nail-biting 202 100 % Entire * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) The above tabular array ( No.5 ) shows that there are important differences in the extent of prevalence of behaviour jobs, harmonizing to the type of the job. The survey found that the bulk of intellectually handicapped pupils face behavior jobs at a per centum of 78.2 % . It besides shows that merely 21.8 of them have no behaviour jobs, and that anxiousness is most common among pupils with rational disablement at a per centum of 16.3 % , followed by stubbornness at a per centum of 13.9 % , so aggression at per centum of 11.4 % , which are all at a important degree. This consequence is in understanding with the survey of Totsika et Al. ( 2008 ) , which suggested that aggression is the most common job in this group. However, it is in struggle with the survey of Ross A ; Cornish ( 2002 ) in that aggressive behaviour reached a per centum of 88 % , due to restricting itself to Cri du Chat Syndrome. The ground for the high rate of behavior jobs among pupils with rational disablement may be due to unrest, non-adaptation to disablement, worrying about confronting society and its demands that imposed on them, disposition to self-assertion through stubborn behaviour, and deficiency of verbal ability to show their demands, which force them to fall back to aggression. Table No. 6 Chi-Square Test for Students with Hearing Impaired Behavior Problems Sign. df Chi-square Residual Expected Value Observed Value Percentage Behavior jobs 0.000* 8 43.00 13.8 6.2 20 35.7 % No Problems 0.2- 6.2 6 10.7 % Anxiety 3.2- 6.2 3 5.4 % Aggression 1.2- 6.2 5 8.9 % Stubbornness 5.2- 6.2 1 1.8 % Phobia 2.2- 6.2 4 7.1 % Isolation 1.8 6.2 8 14.3 % Shyness 1.8 6.2 8 14.3 % Hyperactive 5.2- 6.2 1 1.8 % Nail-biting 56 100 % Entire * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) The above tabular array ( No. 6 ) shows that there are important differences in the extent of prevalence of behavior jobs among pupils with hearing damages. 64.3 % of those pupils who were subjected to the survey were enduring from behavior jobs, the most common of which were hyperactivity ( 14.3 % ) , shyness ( 14.3 % ) and anxiousness ( 10.7 % ) . This may be attributed to the inability of pupils with hearing damages to pass on with others who do non demo any mark of understanding and credence. This consequence is in understanding with Jaffal ‘s survey ( 1994 ) , which suggested that backdown and externally directed behaviour are the most celebrated behaviour jobs for pupils with hearing damages, and besides with Al-Sabah survey ( 1993 ) , which indicated that those pupils are introverted. Table No. 7 Chi-Square Test for Students with Ocular Damages Behavior Problems Sign. df Chi-square Residual Expected Value Observed Value Percentage Behavior jobs 0.589 5 3.727 0.2 1.8 2 18.2 % No Problems 0.2 1.8 2 18.2 % Anxiety 0.8- 1.8 1 9.1 % Aggression 0.8 1.8 1 9.1 % Stubbornness 2.2 1.8 4 36.4 % Phobia 0.8- 1.8 1 9.1 % Shyness 11 100 % Entire * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) The above tabular array ( No. 7 ) shows that there are no important differences in behavior jobs among pupils with ocular damages. The per centums for those who do non endure from behavior jobs are 18.2 % . This may be due to the restriction of the figure of the pupils with ocular damages included in the sample of this survey since their figure is originally limited in the centres under survey. However, this consequence is in understanding with Salha ‘s survey ( 2007 ) , which indicated that there are behavioural and emotional jobs among pupils with ocular damages, chiefly phobic disorder and anxiousness. Table No. 8 Chi-Square Test for Students with Physical Disabilities Behavior Problems Sign. df Chi-square Residual Expected Value Observed Value Percentage Behavior jobs 0.010* 8 20.214 6.9 3.1 10 35.7 % No Problems 0.1- 3.1 3 10.7 % Anxiety 2.1- 3.1 1 3.6 % Stubbornness 2.1- 3.1 1 % 3.6 Liing 0.1- 3.1 3 10.7 % Phobia 0.9- 3.1 4 14.3 % Isolation 0.1- 3.1 3 10.7 % Shyness 2.1- 3.1 1 3.6 % Bedwetting 1.1- 3.1 2 7.1 % Sucking fingers 28 100 % Entire * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) The above tabular array ( No.8 ) shows that there are important differences in the extent of prevalence of behavior jobs among pupils with physical disablements. It shows that 35.7 % of them have no behaviour jobs. It besides shows that the most common behaviour jobs among pupils with physical disablements are isolation at per centum of 14.3, so anxiousness, phobic disorder and shyness at per centum of 10.7 for each, yet such per centums are non important because the difference between the ascertained and expected value is negative ( -0.9 ; and -0.1 ) . In decision, tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 showed that the rate of pupils with ocular damage who do non endure from any behavior jobs is 18.2 % , while it is 21.8 % among pupils with rational disablements, 35.7 among pupils with physical disablements, and 35.7 among pupils with hearing damages. These consequences show that pupils ocular damages face more behavior jobs, followed by pupils with the rational disablements. This is due to the fact that the figure of the pupils with ocular damages subjected to the survey was 11 merely, contrary to the pupils with rational disablement who were 202. In add-on, it may be due to the fact that pupils with rational disablement face many behavior jobs may be due to their low mental abilities and adaptability, which make them less able to cover with stimulations around them and causes them to respond in a mode that is inconsistent with the predominating social civilization. This consequence is in conformity with Al-Khateeb survey ( 2003 ) . The Fourth Null Hypothesis There are no important differences at 0.05 degree in behavior jobs among pupils which are attributed to the badness of disablement. Chi-Squared Test was used to analyze this hypothesis. Consequences in table 9 shows that there are important Table No. 9 Chi-Square Test of Behavioral Problems Differences Harmonizing to the Severity of Disability Behavior jobs Observed Value Expected Value Residual Person Chi-square df Sign Mild Mode-rate Sever Mild Mode-rate Sever Mild Mode-rate Sever 133.37 28 0.000* No Problems 40 24 12 16.1 22 37.9 23.9 2 25.9- Anxiety 5 14 25 9.3 12.7 21.9 4.3- 3.0 3.1 Aggression 4 8 15 5.7 7.8 13.5 1.7- 0.2 1.5 Emotional droop 2 4 2 1.7 2.3 4 0.3 1.7 2- Impudence 1 0 1 0.4 0.6 1 0.6 0.6- 0 Stubbornness 3 7 25 7.4 10.1 17.4 4.4- 3.1- 7.6 Liing 6 0 0 1.3 1.7 3 4.7 1.7- 3.0- Phobia 0 5 15 4.2 5.8 10 4.2- 0.8- 5 Isolation 1 8 9 3.8 5.2 9 2.8- 2.8 0 Shyness 0 11 16 5.7 7.8 13.5 5.7- 4.2- 9.5 Hyperactive 1 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.3- 0.5- Steeling 1 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 .8 0.3- 0.5- Bedwetting 0 0 3 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.6- 0.9- 1.5 Nail-biting 0 2 1 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.6- 1.1 0.5- Sucking fingers 0 0 2 0.4 0.6 1 0.4- 0.6- 1 Entire 63 86 148 * Alpha = ( 0.05 ) differences in the extent of prevalence of behaviour jobs harmonizing to the badness of disablement. The more terrible the disablement, the more behavior jobs occurs. This consequence is in understanding with Salha ‘s survey ( 2007 ) . It is besides found that lying is the most common behaviour job among pupils with mild disablements, with a difference of 4.7 between the ascertained and expected value. Researchers attribute this to the fact that those pupils have certain consciousness and ability of some use. Anxiety appeared as the most prevalence behaviour job among pupils with moderate disablements, with a difference of 3.0 between the ascertained and expected value. This is due to cut down physical and centripetal abilities among them, which makes them more disquieted in their communicating with society and more concerned about their hereafter. It is besides found that the most common behaviour job among the pupils with terrible disablements is shyness, with a difference of 9.5 between the ascertained and expected value, and stubbornness with a difference of 7.6. This may be due to the fact that they are inclined non to look in public or acquire involved in many activities because of their reduced abilities since they are ashamed of their status and hence chorus from demoing their abilities to others. In decision, the survey confirms that male pupils face more behavioural jobs comparing to female pupils. These jobs appear to be more intensified harmonizing to the badness of the disablement and aging advancement. In add-on, pupils with rational disablements exhibit more behavioural jobs comparing to other classs. Based on the consequences of this survey, it is recommended that rehabilitation centres should pay more attending to the followers: Provide appropriate behavior alteration plan to pupils with rational disablements, since they are the bulk of those with enduring from behavior jobs. Develop psychological and societal plans for pupils with terrible disablements to advance their version and communicating accomplishments. Support female disabled pupils psychologically, emotionally and socially, in order to raise their assurance to take part in societal activities. Provide showing services to observe early initial indexs of behaviour jobs in order to work out them before they exacerbate and affect other developmental facets. Provide plans that help pupils with disablements to be cognizant of their abilities, and direct them to the hereafter based on those abilities. This will cut down their anxiousness ensuing from experiencing inefficient. How to cite Students With Disabilities In UAE Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Leadership of Dan-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Explain how Dan used his technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills. 2.Use the transformational leadership guidelines to analyze Dans leadership. Answers: 1.How Dan used his technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills. In the case study, Dan exhibits three types of managerial skills in different stages of his business. These include Interpersonal managerial skills, technical skills, and conceptual skills. At the initial stages of his business, Dan works mainly as a line manager. In this category, he was able to write 95% of all the incoming orders and conduct purchases of all supplies and materials. In this case, he was able to use his technical skills to do all the activities. Technical skills are techniques which enable managers to achieve their goals, (Kalargyrou, Pescosolido Kalargiros, 2012). They are skills required to increase sales, market different products and design different product types. In the case study, Dan as a manager in the initial stages of his business was able to use his technical skills to work as a general store manager, maintaining accurate records of all his products and supplies. Conceptual skills present the ability of a manager to conduct a more abstract thinking. It allows managers to see the whole scenario in a business by a diagnosis of different states, (Quinn, Bright, Faerman, Thompson McGrath, 2012). In the case study, Dan is able to see how his business is growing. He, therefore, uses his conceptual skills to analyze the need to start delegating duties to other professionals. Therefore, instead of doing 95% of all the orders, he delegates the marketing activities to Kurt, stores management to Brad and production management to Jack. In this case, Dan is able to work as a top-level manager. This is because he is able to use his conceptual skills to predict the general future of the business. He sees his business grew into a large firm and does not want to stress himself with all the duties of the firm, but instead find more competent personnel and delegate different duties to them. The last managerial skill possessed by Dan is the Human or interpersonal skills. Human skills present the knowledge and ability of a manager to work with people, (Kalargyrou, Pescosolido Kalargiros, 2012). In the case study, Dan seeks the services of Alex, his partner as the workload increased. He uses his interpersonal skills to derive an understanding that he could not be able to handle all the activities alone but will require the assistance of some other staff members. Dan also works with Alex to ask the employees how they feel about the management of the whole business, whether their issues were being addressed and whether there were any issues that they would like improved. They also coach, train motivate and guide their employees so that they can jointly work together. This scenario reflects Dan as a transformational leader who is able to inspire his employees to work using his human skills 2.Analysis of Dans leadership using transformational guidelines. A leader is someone who influences others or subordinates and who has managerial authority. Leadership can, therefore, be defined as what leaders actually do. It involves the process of influencing a group of people to achieve certain goals. Transformational leaders are leaders who exhibit the elements of transformational leadership by inspiring subordinates to transcend their private interests for the benefit of a firm by clarifying tasks, roles, and requirements. In the case study, the leadership style of Dan can be described as transformational on the basis of four traits as discussed below: Idealized influence simply means being a role model (Braun, Peus, Weisweiler Frey, 2013). Dan has acted as a role model to all the employees. He started by doing everything alone. He then brought in Alex, his partner to help him when the workload increased. All the employees just follow what Dan used to do. Therefore, Dan does not tell his employees to do what they cannot handle. Sometimes, the employees even solve problems in the course of their duties without referring to Dan. This only shows how Dan has influenced his staff members to work. Dan also exhibits intellectual stimulation. He keeps on challenging his employees to work by delegating duties to them. He has delegated the store management functions to Brad, marketing to Kurt and production to Jack. By doing this, he was able to achieve a 10% increase in sales revenue. Dan also constantly inspires and motivates his employees. This is a form of inspirational motivation, (Hoon, Kolb, Hee Kyoung, 2012). He keeps on asking his employees in better ways they feel the firm should be managed, training, motivating coaching and guiding them so that they may help in achieving the firms objectives. As a transformational leader, Dan shows a genuine concern for the needs of his employees. This is a form of individualized consideration, (Braun, Peus, Weisweiler Frey, 2013). For instance, after partnering with Alex, they ask the employees on how they felt about his management style and what they needed improved but they did not have the opportunity to do so. This enabled him to seek the needs and feelings of his employees towards him. In conclusion, Dan is a transformational leader as he exhibits some basic traits of a transformational leader. He inspires his employees, trains them and motivates them to ensure that they achieve the set objectives. References Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., Frey, D. (2013). Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Team Performance: A Multilevel Mediation Model of Trust. TheLeadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270-283. Hoon Song, J., Kolb, J. A., Hee Lee, U., Kyoung Kim, H. (2012). Role of Transformational Leadership in Effective Organizational Knowledge Creation Practices: Mediating Effects Of Employees' Work Engagement. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(1), 65 Kalargyrou, V., Pescosolido, A. T., Kalargiros, E. A. (2012). Leadership Skills in Management Education. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 16(4), 39. Quinn, R. E., Bright, D., Faerman, S. R., Thompson, M. P., McGrath, M. R. (2014). Becoming A Master Manager: A Competing Values Approach. John Wiley S

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Speak No Evil Essay Research Paper Freedom free essay sample

Speak No Evil Essay, Research Paper Freedom of look, and unfastened entree to media, are as cardinal to the endurance of Progress as the Sun and rain are to the endurance of planet Earth. Yet censoring remains a traditional response of any group that finds itself offended at another # 8217 ; s message or originative indulgence. The statement that because they serve the # 8220 ; public involvement, # 8221 ; media should volitionally accept a moral supreme authority to make up ones mind what will and what will non be disseminated is both uninformed and unsafe. The biggest job is that cipher will hold the chance to vote for the people charged with finding what information is left on the film editing room floor. Worse yet, certain lower life signifiers with an oculus on universe domination will ever happen ways to use this crude signifier of babysitting to their ain sinister terminals. Because the new communications paradigm calls merely for media to acquire bigger-not better-access to media is more dearly-won. We will write a custom essay sample on Speak No Evil Essay Research Paper Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As corporate involvements pool their resources to command the most print and broadcast mercantile establishments allowable by jurisprudence, certain intelligence narratives will certainly be censored. Media is market-driven ( that is, it needs an audience ) , and less # 8220 ; marketable # 8221 ; narratives will ever be ignored. For illustration, merely cave inhabitants and the cable-TV impaired could hold perchance missed NASA # 8217 ; s most recent PR putsch, the landing of Voyager on Mars. Don # 8217 ; t believe that CNN, C-SPAN, MSNBC, CNBC and all the remainder were be aftering to have this as a major narrative from the beginning. The Media spun the Mars narrative large clip because Peoples were interested in it, the same manner we are ever interested in geographic expedition, at forcing boundaries. It # 8217 ; s the same ground the book Undaunted Courage is on the Best Seller list, and why film maker Ken Burns ( The Civil War, Baseball ) is giving Lewis A ; Clark his mega-mini-series intervention. Because Lewis A ; Clark were the baddest adventurers of all time, and, in the immortal words of Fleetwood Mac, heroes are so difficult to happen. Back to NASA. The narrative you likely haven # 8217 ; t heard much about is that this month, NASA intends to establish 72 lbs of Plutonium 238 into an orbit 300 stat mis high. An accident during takeoff potentially rain radiation poisoning down on 5 billion people. That’s non something the bean want to see above the crease of their newspapers, or peeping from the oral cavities of their Stepford Television news readers. How does this impact the consumer? # 8220 ; Shareholder economic sciences # 8221 ; typically drives up costs to advertizers and finally to those they are seeking to make with their clever jangles. Not even Nostradamus could hold predicted the broad scope of societal, political, fiscal and other points of position being filtered by this new concern theoretical account. Don # 8217 ; t like homosexuals? Use your media clout to barricade alternate life style plans that feature information about employment favoritism, HIV and other of import issues. Political enemies? It takes a batch of finding for a really few electors to understand that they normally merely hear one side of the narrative. The remainder of us haven # 8217 ; t rather figured it out yet. The Internet has come along at the really minute in history when freedom remains the end of people all over the universe, even those who have been repressed and controlled for 100s of old ages. Most of these people live in states unaffected by common Torahs and disinterested in any peculiar civilization # 8217 ; s societal mores. Any Government that tries to supervise even a fragment of the computing machine traffic that exists will make a enormous fiscal white elephant-funded by electors. It # 8217 ; s as if the dearly-won # 8220 ; war on drugs # 8221 ; hasn # 8217 ; t taught our state # 8217 ; s leaders a thing about the power of single pick and the futility of seeking to command single behaviour. It is impossible to set a childproof cap on the jeopardies of the universe, existent or practical. The Internet makes people cranky because it requires more persevering supervising of bush leagues, and excessively many parents merely don # 8217 ; t want to pass that much clip with their childs. The offense of those who would let any Government to try such a pointless undertaking is the stepping down of their ain duty to larn and learn appropriate value judgements to future coevalss.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Does Your PSAT Score Qualify for National Merit

Does Your PSAT Score Qualify for National Merit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you gearing up to rock the PSAT this fall and wondering what score you need to qualify for National Merit? This guide will give you 51 different answers to that question. Don't worry, it's not a complicated response. It's just that the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) compares test takers on a state-by-state basis. To become a National Merit Semifinalist, you have to score in the top 1% of students in your state. This guide will fill you in on all qualifying cutoff scores from coast to coast (plus Alaska and Hawaii)for the PSAT. But first, let's review exactly who qualifies for National Merit. Who Is Awarded National Merit? Students who are US citizens, who plan to go to college, and who take the PSAT/NMSQT in their junior year are eligible to receive National Merit distinctions and scholarships. They also have to do really, really well on the PSAT. The top 3-4% of scorers arenamed Commended Scholars- an impressive distinction to put on college applications. The top 1%, or about 16,000 students across the country, are named National Merit Semifinalists. This is an honorin itself, and it also means you couldgo on to be named a Finalist and receive scholarship money. Some colleges also award their own merit scholarships to National Merit Semifinalists. To determine who qualifies for National Merit, NMSC uses a scale called the Selection Index. To get this, NMSC adds your Math, Reading, and Writing section scores, which each fall between 8 and 38, and then multiplies that sum by 2. Thus,the PSAT NMSC Selection Index ranges from 48 to 228. Using reports from individuals around the country who took the 2017 PSAT, we've compiled a full list of National Merit qualifying scores.(Note that since National Merit cutoffs don't vary much from year to year, this list should still be fairly accurate for those who take the 2018 PSAT!) Students who take the PSAT in their junior year are eligible for National Merit distinction. PSAT NMSQT Qualifying Scores for 2018 and 2019 Selection Indexcutoffs compare the scores of test takers in each state. You'll probably get national percentiles on your PSAT score report, butstate percentiles are the ones NMSC uses to award students. The chart below shows the National Merit Selection Index cutoffs for students who took the PSAT in October 2017 and were named Semifinalists in the fall of 2018: State Selection Index Alabama 216 Alaska 215 Arizona 220 Arkansas 214 California 223 Colorado 221 Connecticut 222 Delaware 222 DC 223 Florida 219 Georgia 220 Hawaii 220 Idaho 214 Illinois 221 Indiana 219 Iowa 216 Kansas 218 Kentucky 218 Louisiana 217 Maine 217 Maryland 223 Massachusetts 223 Michigan 219 Minnesota 220 Mississippi 215 Missouri 217 Montana 214 Nebraska 216 Nevada 218 New Hampshire 219 New Jersey 223 New Mexico 215 New York 221 North Carolina 220 North Dakota 212 Ohio 219 Oklahoma 215 Oregon 221 Pennsylvania 220 Rhode Island 220 South Carolina 216 South Dakota 215 Tennessee 219 Texas 221 Utah 215 Vermont 216 Virginia 222 Washington 222 West Virginia 212 Wisconsin 216 Wyoming 212 Average Score 218 The average of all the PSAT NMSQT qualifying scores is 218. Sorry to those students in California, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Washington, DC: you'll have to aim significantly higher and get a Selection Index of at least 223. Any American students studying in international schools abroad will also have to meet whatever the highest state's cutoff score is. As for boarding school attendees? You'll be measured against a regional cutoff; it usually equals the highest cutoff of the state within your regional grouping. Again, these Selection Index cutoffs are estimates, and there's some fluctuation from year to year. To account for this, you should aim at least 2-5 points higher than your state's cutoff score. Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Stellar PSAT scoresdon't happen by accident, and the PSAT requires a good deal of preparation to master. If you're aiming for National Merit, how can you achieve the top PSAT scores you need to qualify? How Can You Achieve PSAT Scores in the Top 1%? Like with the SAT, anyone can improve their scores on the PSAT with dedicated and effective preparation. Besides helping you qualify for National Merit, studying for the PSAT will prepare you for the SAT! The three steps below lay the groundwork needed to qualify for National Merit. Step 1: Know Your State's (Approximate) Cutoff Score It's important to find your state's cutoff, figure out what scores you need, and aim even higher in case the qualifying score increases (remember, there is slight variation year to year). Before you even begin studying for the PSAT, look at the chart above to find your state's cutoff score. For example, let's say you're taking the test in Ohio. According to our chart, Ohio's Selection Index cutoff is 219, which roughly translates to a PSAT score of 1460. Since the cutoff score could rise slightly, adjust your goal score to be a little higher as well- let's say 1490 instead of 1460. After, write down your PSAT target score as well as your goal of being named a National Merit Scholar on a piece of paper. Tack this sheet up on your wall and look at it as you study to help youstay motivated. Step 2: Read PrepScholar PSAT Study Guides Once you've figured out your goal score, spend some time learning about the test by reading our various PSAT study guides. Our articles offer expert help with designing your study schedule and making the most of your prep. One of our most helpful guides talks about gettinga perfect PSAT scoreandgoes into detail about how you can analyze and drill your mistakesto make big score improvements. Step 3: Take Official Practice Tests Finally, you'll want to take official practice tests to help you prepare for test day. The College Board offerstwo PSAT/NMSQT practice tests, along withonline practice questionsfor each section on the PSAT. Two tests isn't that many, though, so I also suggest takingofficial SAT practice testsor usingKhan Academy's SAT prep program. Since thePSAT and SAT are such similar tests, you'll get a ton of extra help by taking SAT practice tests (though expect them to be slightly harder). In addition, you can useold PSAT practice tests, as long as you focus on relevant question types and ignore the ones no longer on the test, such as sentence completions. A lot of the fundamental skills and knowledge on the PSAT didn't change much during the2015 revision, so you can still use older practice tests and materials to practice effectively if you familiarize yourself with the changes andadapt your approach accordingly. National Merit might be hard to get but the distinction is well worth it and could lead you to some handy scholarship money. Plus, it communicates a lot about your academic commitment on your college applications! What's Next? What should you do once you get your PSAT scores? This guide fills you in on your next steps. Not only is the PSAT important for National Merit, but it can also predict how you'll score on the SAT.Learn how touse your PSAT scores to predict, and plan to improve, your SAT scores. Are you wondering how to divide up your time most effectively to prep for the SAT? This six-step guide answers your questions about how long you should study for the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Friday, November 22, 2019

A Commitment to Strengthening the US Housing Market

While the subprime mortgage crisis and foreclosure crisis is shocking many Americans, the truth is that it has been looking at us for several years. The US government not only helps to solve this problem but also prevents future events by creating a control system that reminds us when the real estate market is overheating. This article outlines the steps the government can take to help people who need it. The U.S. government should establish a foreclosure relief fund (FRF) for individuals who faced foreclosure during the economic crisis. The mission of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is to provide everyone with a strong, sustainable, comprehensive community and quality affordable housing. HUD uses houses as a platform to strengthen the housing market, strengthen the economy, protect consumers, meet the demand for high-quality affordable rental housing, and improve the quality of life, without discrimination We will build a comprehensive and sustainable commun ity. Established in 1951, the National Credit Counseling Foundation (NFCCÂ ®) is the largest non-profit finance advisory body in the United States and offers the longest service period. The mission of the NFCC is to advance the national fiscal responsibility agenda and to build the capacity for its members to provide top quality financial education and advisory services. The Council for Certification (COA) is an international independent nonprofit human service certification body. Their mission is to cooperate with human service organizations around the world to improve service provision by developing, applying, and promoting certification standards. Reform and strengthen the federal midfield house. The government has reformed the use of the Residential Re-entry Center (RRC), often referred to as halfway dormitory, to provide housing to about 80% prisoners in the last month of federal judgment. The ownership and management of RRC has been fully privatized since the early 1980s, and BOP relies on a combination of commercial groups and nonprofit organizations. In November 2016, Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates announced a memorandum to instruct the BOP to use the purchasing power to thoroughly reform the individual market. In particular, this memo states that BOP sets clear and unified standards for all RRC providers, expands the collection and dissemination of RRC performance data, and is more efficient and efficient for federally re-entry services To explore alternate models that can produce market.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Philosophy of Nursing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philosophy of Nursing - Coursework Example During those ages when women were confined within their homes and family life, nursing had become a household art. Progress of nursing has been influenced by the duties of women and their economic independence. In earliest times, nursing was associated with motherly care of infants and was termed as wet nurse. By the 16th century the meaning of nursing meant to attend and care for the sick (Donahue, 2010, pp.4,6). In early times it was believed that nurses required no formal education or training. They were unlicensed doctors, abortionists, midwives and counselors in the western history. For centuries, the nurses passed on their experiences to their neighbors or daughters. They were termed as â€Å"wise women† by the people. One early myth was that women were so trapped by their menstruation and reproduction cycles that they were not independent outside their homes. Another myth was that male professionals had superior technology. These myths were false since women were inherently healers for the poor. It was also found that male professionals depended more on ritualistic practices while women represented more humane approach to healing (Ehrenreich & English, pp.25,27). According to Jean Watson, professor of Nursing, â€Å"The nurse has a human responsibility to move beyond the patient’s immediate specific needs and help the patient reach his or her highest level of growth, mat urity and health† (Clarke, 2011, p.406). Professor Margaret Newman has stated all contrasting experiences are equal like pain and pleasure, failure and success etc. Although, spiritually this makes sense, this is not practical when practicing nursing especially in cases where patients seek recovery from illness (Clarke, 2011, p.406). The concept of nursing is often considered as informal care of patients and therefore most practicing nurses do not accept nursing models

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

President John F. Kennedy Assassination, Nov. 22, 1963 Research Paper

President John F. Kennedy Assassination, Nov. 22, 1963 - Research Paper Example In less than two years, one such evil force consumed his life with the suddenness that sent shock waves through the entire world. â€Å"Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas† (Death). He was readying to fight the Presidential Election for the 2nd term. He had begun to give speeches on a wide range of topics that would enhance the essential dignity of the office of the American President. The important issue of killing of JFK is sensitively related to several subsidiary questions of the possible government cover-up, whether there is any international angle to the assassination and why this gory event continues to bother the American people even after five decades after its happening. President Kennedy was set on a tour of the southern states. Death was inviting him as he was highlighting to his supporters, the significance of support from Florida and Texas and he mentioned about his inclination of visiting the two states. â€Å"On November 21, the president and first lady departed on Air Force One for the two-day, five-city tour of Texas† (Death).The next few sentences that he uttered indicate how relaxed was the President, in the tension-ridden state of Texas, and on careful introspection of his feelings contained in those utterances it appears as if he had the premonition of his death. The president said, "We are still the keystone in the arch of freedom," he said. "We will continue to do†¦our duty, and the people of Texas will be in the lead."(1963) Then the President and the party moved on to Dallas. â€Å"The procession left the airport and traveled along a ten-mile route that wound through downtown Dallas on the way to the Trade Mart where the President was scheduled to speak at a luncheon. Crowds of excited people lined the streets and waved to the Kennedys. The car turned off Main Street at Dealey Plaza around 12:30 p.m.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Trifles Film Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Trifles Film Adaptation Essay Susan Glaspell’s Trifles is a play about a murder mystery that is loosely based on an actual murder case that the author covered while working as a reporter for the Des Moines Daily News (Ben-Zvi 143). Since the play is written in 1916, a time when the boundaries between the private and public spheres are beginning to break down, it strongly reflects on the culture-bound notions of sex roles and gender. Back then, women are thought to be concerned about insignificant issues that hold little to no importance to the true work of society, also known as trifles, just as the title of the play suggests. In 2008, Ghost Ranch Productions, with director Pamela Walker, who plays Mrs. Wright herself, produces Trifles, a film adaptation of Glaspell’s famous play. Through the creative use of literary elements and some small alterations to the plot, dialogue, and setting, Walker effectively demonstrates the play’s major theme of gender differences in the film. Exposition is the first difference between the beginning plot in Glaspell’s play and the film adaptation. Exposition or introduction â€Å"brings out everything the audience needs to know to understand and follow what is to happen in the play† (Roberts and Zweig 890). In the first part of the play, the plot begins when the sheriff, his wife, the county attorney, and a man named Mr. Hale and his wife all enter the Wright’s disheveled kitchen where they assemble and plan for the investigation of Mr. Wright’s murder. The play’s exposition shows its audience that the entire play is about finding the evidence needed to solve the crime. At the beginning of the film, on the other hand, a scene showing Mrs. Wright’s strange and depressed demeanor, particularly in a scene where Mr. Wright’s voice is heard harshly yelling at his wife in the background, points its audience toward the intriguing thought that she may be a victim of domestic violence. The creative exposition of the film reaches beyond what the play originally describes. It not only tells the audience what they need to know about what will happen next, but also creates a scenario that progresses to a more dramatic climax. The film adaptation shows some dialogue alterations, particularly in the part where the county attorney interviews Mr. Hale, the first man to discover Mr. Wright’s lifeless body. In Glaspell’s play, Mr. Hale describes everything verbally when he is asked for the details of what transpired on the day he discovered Mr. Wright’s murder. In the film, instead of Mr. Hale describing all the details and telling his side of the story, a different scene is created. The scene shows Mr. Hale paying John Wright a visit and being greeted by an expressionless Mrs. Wright sitting on her rocking chair. All the dialogue in this scene is exactly as described by Mr. Hale in the play except for one line where he says: â€Å"And then she—laughed. I guess you would call it a laugh† (917). In the film, Mrs. Wright did not laugh or show any kind of expression associated with laughing. Her unemotional facial expression and vocal tone are consistent throughout the scene, which can be interpreted as someone who does not care about her husband’s death or someone who is emotionally battered by the thought that her husband was just murdered. The setting of the story is during a cold winter in the early twentieth century, and the action happens in the kitchen of a farmhouse in the American Midwest. Unlike in Glaspell’s play, the film shows several series of short scenes at the beginning that help establish not only the events that take place in the kitchen, but also the surrounding area and the nearby town. The setting is described as the â€Å"natural, manufactured, and cultural environment in which characters live and move, including all their possessions, homes, ways of life, and assumptions† (Roberts and Zweig 1448). Glaspell’s play only describes a setting of a gloomy kitchen in an abandoned farmhouse. On the other hand, the film shows a broader scope, including the gloomy and snowy weather, which makes Mr. Hale’s shivering coming from the outside more realistic. The alteration to the setting in Glaspell’s play not only helps with the mood of the story, but also helps the audience to visualize what is going on and connect to the characters better. Overall, despite the minor differences and alterations to the plot, dialogue, and setting, both the film adaptation and Glaspell’s play effectively illustrate the main theme of gender relationships and power between the sexes. On the surface, it seems that Trifles is only about the competing roles and different perspectives of men and women; however, this is only one important part of the play. Digging deeper, one sees that Trifles is about a concept that is even more profound. It is about how we pursue the truth, how we come to explain and interpret it, and how we value it.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Wondrous Strange :: Character Analysis, Kelley Winslow

Life is the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death. â€Å"It is believed that in life no one can change your happiness but you; therefore, you have the power to change anything about yourself or your life that you want to change† (de Angelis, Barbra). The struggles that the main character, Kelley Winslow, faces strongly affects herself, as well as drives the plot for the reason that she struggles with the decisions she makes, she encounters physical hardships as well as mental that allows her to eventually find her identity. Some people may say that a person has not found themselves; however, you do not find yourself. People create ones self. During the process of creating ones self, you have to know what you fear, and what you cannot live without. Kelley learns what she is afraid of, and who she does not want to lose. â€Å"†¦fear of losing him, sorrow of what he has already risked for her† (Livingston 274). In the novel Kelley finds out that she is adopted. â€Å"Emma†¦ Was I†¦ adopted† (Livingston 222). In continuation to this, Kelley learns from her aunt, Emma, that she is adopted. She also leans more about where she came from, who her birth parents are, and about faerie history. This proves that Kelley wants to know more about where she came from, which leads to making her own identity. In order to create herself, Kelley needs to know more about her heritage. She also learns what she likes, and does not like and what she wants to do with her life. â€Å"Kell ey was speechless. She dreamed of this†¦ This is it. This is my big break!† (Livingston 5), â€Å"Kelley was a Faerie princess. In defiance of the Faerie king, she had taken up her destiny on her terms" (Livingston 316-317). This shows that she accepts herself, in addition to gaining her goals. Kelley Winslow goes went through a huge development, and journey in finding herself, even through the many obstacles she faces. Decision is a mental process you conduct to result in a making of a selection of a choice. Kelley Winslow had made various decisions throughout her life, which had made an impact on her characteristics. Kelley says, â€Å"Hey! Do you need help?" (Livingston 32).

Monday, November 11, 2019

How Managerial Accounting Can Help Managers

Assignment 2: Creating, Financing, and Marketing a Business Shamika Ward Professor Roderick D. Thomas Introduction to Business December 2, 2012 Identify the pros and cons of the partnership as a form of ownership. Partnership is one of most common forms of business. There are many advantages to business partnership as well as a few disadvantages. One advantage is that a partnership is easy to establish. This can be established through verbal agreement or through a contact. Another advantage is the ability to pool financial resources.The more capital a company has the faster they are able to grow their business. Partnerships lessen the burden on the individual running the business. Since more than one party is in charge responsibilities can be divided amongst each person. By dividing the task they can use their skills to the best advantage. The pass-through tax treatment is one of the most beneficial advantages of forming a partnership. With the pass-through there is no taxation to th e business itself; all income, deductions, and credits, â€Å"pass through† to the individual partners and are reported on their individual tax returns.While the advantages of a partnership seem like the perfect way to start a business there are disadvantages. In a partnership you are not only responsible for the errors and misjudgments that you make but also for your partner’s. Both parties are equally responsible for the debt and obligations of the business. Like any other relationships, partnerships also have disagreements. Disagreements amongst partners can create bad turmoil and prevent the cooperation needed to keep the business focus. Disagreements can also lead to one of the partners wishing to withdraw from the partnership.This can cause insecurity about how long a business will stay operational. Lastly, a partner that extracts from a partnership is still held accountable for any debts or obligations the company had at the time of withdrawal. Discuss funding o ptions for small businesses. The top task for any small business is trying to determine how to successfully fund their business. The most common used source is personal resources. This not only your own money but often is asking friends and family members, and credit cards.When borrowing from friends and family it is important that you disclose that it would be a financial risk they are taking by giving you the money and if your business doesn’t succeed they might not get the money back. While using credit cards might seem like a great option they are also a highly risky financing option. While credit cards provide fast and flexible money they can also cause a huge amount of debt. Interest rates and financing fees can add up fast if the money isn’t paid back quickly to credit card companies.While many people have an assumption that getting a loan from a bank is a fairly easy process they are often discover they were incorrect. Commercial loans are harder to come by due to banks and other lenders being tentative to fund a company that doesn’t have a reputation. Only 20% percent of small business owners launch with commercial loans due to a share of paper work required to fill out the loan and an extensive waiting period. If considering loans, a great source for small business would be the U. S.Small Business Administration also known as SBA. While the SBA doesn’t provide free money to start-up businesses they do somewhat guarantee loans from local commercial lenders. The SBA reduces the risk for the lender or bank, which makes the banks further willing to grant loans to small business owners. Angel investors are another source of funding. Angels are wealthy people that invest in promising start-up companies in order to make money for themselves. Angels are considered one of the oldest capitals for a start-up.Very few companies receive capital from angels but for the right small business the funds from an angel can seal the gap betwee n the money they have gotten from friends and family and the venture capital that a small business is trying to attract. When looking to expand on a larger scale some companies turn to venture capital firms. Venture capital firms fund companies in exchange for of ownership in the company. Only a small fraction of new business receives any venture capital money. Determine and discuss how managerial accounting can help managers with product costing, incremental analysis, and budgeting.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Internet Banking Essay

Therefore, since U. K. consumers have used to browsing and shopping online, there are factors that U. K. mobile carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and collaborate with mobile commerce providers so that they can boost the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of conducting mobile commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $100 per month. Therefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers like Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that build the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also backed up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have faster access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction. British Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the shifting paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers using their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that business has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004). The improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy new phones and new customers segment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes issues for telecommunication companies and content providers to develop new killing applications besides voice communication that will increase the corporate revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry. To be specific, the point of discussion is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increasing number of mobile users and the development of computer technology. References American National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features & Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http://www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. Little Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Essay on Was and Why It Happen Essays

Essay on Was and Why It Happen Essays Essay on Was and Why It Happen Essay Essay on Was and Why It Happen Essay 10/11/2011 To: Pamela Ansaldi From: Paula Black Subject: Richard Wright and Malcolm compare and contrast essay. Richard Wright and Malcolm x were two gigantic inspirational speakers. They were two historians who pave the way for what America has become. Although it’s an ongoing journey their struggles and determinations, have given many other who followed in their footsteps. The courage they need to open the doors to discriminations instilled in it. Love, peace and acceptance and to formed unity amongst all people. Richard Wright was African American born in 1908. Wright studies the dictionary furiously in the quest to search for truth. He became one of the most intellectual American writers in the history of America. During this time while black people were ignored. Compared to Malcolm X Malcolm x an African American born in 1925. Malcolm x studies the dictionary while serving time in jail on a burglary charge. Malcolm x studies the dictionary diligently to become the most intellectual speaker in the history of America. In contrast Wright came across an article from the Memphis commercial appeal editorial page . which was denouncing the editor H. L. Mencken by one of his own white nationality. He sets out to find the meaning of this article it costs him to borrowed a library card from one of his coworker. He embark upon the biggest changing event of his life. He found out how the white man works. He knew why black people were being mistreated. The white men said Wright had to be quiet, he knows too much. In retaliation his wife and two daughters were taken. Wright could not bear the guilt. He went into depression and was seen by a German physician. Shorty afterword he was succumbed to a mischievous and unexplained death. Malcolm x did not exceed eighth grade. He went into crimes as a young man. Imprisoned, he read books from the library. He was inspired by one of his classmate named Bimbi . Malcolm said his classmates would take over every conversation that they were in. Malcolm excels after he was released from jail. Malcolm joins the nation of Islam, He was appointed by Elijah Mohammed, as minister and national spoke man he was disappointed when he found out his mentor Mohammed has committed fornication which is against Muslim’s religion, Malcolm x took a pilgrimage trip to Mecca. There is view of disgust against white people change. He made amends He returned to the state found out he was no longer welcome by Elijah. he founded his own mosque . Malcolm x

Monday, November 4, 2019

Literature Searches Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature Searches - Research Paper Example This level identified and individualized factors which were very specific and also analyzed specially care units and the dynamics within which contribute to work related stress. Critically appraised individual articles are written by authors who evaluate and provide a brief synopsize of the individual research studies. There were five results found with this criteria. These articles identified studies with implications related to the topic and provided a brief summary of the study without opinion or conclusions of their own. For unfiltered information I used MEDLINE. For RCT’s only one result was found with the search term nursing related stress. This evaluated nursing students stress level at the bachelor’s level and was a quantitative study. Cohort studies involve groups of individuals who are linked in some way and observed. 2 results were found with this criteria. Only one was relevant which observed Chinese nurses to determine factors related to stress. This linked individuals of a certain ethnic group. Case controlled studies are merely observational with no intervention attempted and compares individuals with certain characteristics with those who do not have those characteristics, such as a disease. For this group I used cancer as the differing factors and 212 results were found. These results weren’t very useful as most focused on the patient rather than the stress of the caregiver. These studies would not be my first choice in researching nursing related stress. For background information or expert opinion I focused on validation studies. There were 502 results though most were not focused on my particular topic or phrase which I used. These results actually provided physical and biological evidence of nursing related stress. These studies were very in depth and specific, some measuring levels of stress hormones or using defined scales to determine levels of

Saturday, November 2, 2019

The Preaching of Augustine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Preaching of Augustine - Research Paper Example He was truly loyal, devoted and faithful priest & his aim of life was the propagation of Bible’s message in right direction. His approach towards Bible was entirely different from other Bishops as he read it very intensely and spiritually. The influential writings of Augustine make him one of the most prominent and outstanding theologian and philosopher of all times1. The preaching’s of Augustine had a massive impact on the society due to his creativity in traditional Bible teaching methodology. The aim of Bishop was to educate each and every individual about the meaning of Bible and relate them with spiritualism. He is considered as the best orator, speaker, lecturer and spokesperson in Christianity. Without any governess or communication skills practice, he knew how to grab people attention towards the topic and deliver the message. His believe was that Bible is the only solution to mankind and it can resolve each and every sort of problems facing by mankind. Dilemmas whether it would be worldly, spiritual or religious; Bible has the solution to them all. He wanted appreciation of Bible by the people at every forum and propagated his message in every possible way2. This paper discusses the voyage of Augustine’s preaching the message. The methodology, tactics, procedures and approaches adopted by Augustine. The symposium regarding his teaching methodology, theological themes and art of preaching in what possible ways he attracted the masses and how he managed to provoke people about the importance of Bible. Creating a relationship with God through Bible was his primary agenda, so constructive arguments regarding spiritualism importance with Bible are also illustrated. The innovation speech strategy along with engaging audience is analyzed. In the end, legacy of Augustine with a decisive conclusion is illustrated. Preaching Methodology Augustine came out from the conventional preaching process and gave a new horizon to this prestigious posi tion. He wanted to assure that Bible is the word of God which is in direct correlation with everyday working of a human being. His way of preaching includes giving mind blowing examples to the people with respect to their jobs & duties. Engraving good virtues of Bible was his utmost desire. He addressed each and every individual personally and tries to get involve regarding his job responsibilities. By getting to know the person; he then propagates the importance of Bible into life and gave prior examples to the person as per his responsibilities3. Adam (2004, p.192) illustrates for instance if there was a woodcutter, then Augustine tried to converse about his way of cutting woods and selling to the market etc. After getting the true picture of the person, Augustine started giving examples about woodcutting and its relevance with Bible. Woodcutting is a tough and struggling job and this hardworking by men is pleased by God etc. Such kind of examples and preaching methodology was ver y effective and laid a huge impact on people mindsets. Instead of giving long & lengthy lectures; Augustine demonstrated the practical implementation of Bible preaching’s into action. This method was applauded by the people overwhelmingly. Augustine was a learned father and priest so he knew how to use the stories depicted in Holy Bible. He exemplified the stories of Bible to target a larger audience as people are more interested in listening stories. His way of delivering speech was highly

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Domestic violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Domestic violence - Research Paper Example Owing to its legality, alcohol is a ubiquitous in many societies around the world and many individuals engage in alcohol consumption. In North America alcohol can be found in liquor stores, neighborhood convenience stores, grocery stores as well as in your local bar. Although alcohol is prevalent and easily accessible, it remains a harmful drug with the potential to kill, ruin lives and destroy families. Accordingly, one of the most insidious aspects of alcohol is that it is so freely available that we forget that it is a harmful drug with important health ramifications as well as a many important social consequences for individuals who choose to over indulge in alcohol. Alcohol-related fatalities remain an important concern across the globe and despite its ubiquitousness, alcohol abuse has been proven to lead to conflict and violence.2 Seeking to address the relationship between alcohol abuse and domestic violence, the following will, discuss alcoholism and provide a broad conceptual framework for our analysis. We then turn to a discussion of the dynamics of different types of alcohol-related conflicts, including the role that alcohol plays in perpetuating conflict with the family unit, with a spouse and with children Following this thorough discussion of the different dynamics and types of conflict caused by alcoholism, we turn to an in-depth discussion of the particular approaches used to deal with conflict. In this section we will explore the use of mediation as a method to deal with alcohol-related conflict. We will discuss groups such as Alcoholic’s Anonymous (â€Å"AA†) and the role that group mediation can play in resolving conflicts which have been brought on by alcohol abuse. We then turn to an analysis of family/group counseling and a discussion of the role of intervention in combating alco hol-related conflicts. With the goal of providing a holistic analysis to a complicated – yet increasingly

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Advanced Corporate Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Corporate Finance - Coursework Example Differential tax treatments are the causes for less than one dividend drop ratios (DDR). Thus, through their research on the relationship between taxes and a firm’s decisions, they articulate that in a rational market, the ex-dividend cutoff should reflect the value of capital gains and dividends to a marginal shareholder. However, when tax enters into the investors’ decisions, the fall in share price in the ex-dividend should show the price of the post value capital gains relative to the post value of dividends. Therefore, because of the influence of tax differential rates, on the capital gains and dividends, the DDR will be less than one because of the fall dividend values due to higher taxation as a result of the effect of personal taxes (Elton, Gruber, & Blake, 2005). Therefore, this impact will influence the firm’s decision in terms of contributions to capital gains and dividends. There are other factors that like tax influences the decisions of a firm to ei ther pay dividends or capital gains. The availability of growth opportunities for investment requires that firms plow back their profits to invest in projects with positive NPVs as illustrated by the signaling hypothesis lieu of paying or increasing their dividend payout, which sends a negative signal to the investors. The stability of earnings is another factor. Firms that have constant earnings are likely to pay out dividends unlike firms with lower or unstable earnings whose dividend payout is likely to result in the decline of growth of their earnings.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Oil Exploration And Production Companies Management Essay

Oil Exploration And Production Companies Management Essay The oilfield service industry is a sector which mainly provides services to the oil exploration and production companies. Schlumberger is the leading name in the oilfield servicing market which has lots of stake in the highly competitive market environment of the Middle East. This report is basically an in depth understanding about the behavior and performance of Schlumberger in the highly competitive environment. The initial analysis of the report would focus on the qualitative aspects of the oil field service industry. It would provide an overview of about the current trends prevailing in the industry which would help in getting a better understanding about the issues and the current matters taking place. It would provide an in-depth analysis of how the oil and gas prices are affected by the demand in industry. In order to run a successful business, every company should have a competitive advantage in the market. This aspect would be analyzed through Porters five force model, which will identify the sources of competitive forces Schlumberger would face in the market in the future. The later part of the analysis would focus on the strategic approach of Schlumberger and the positioning of the company in the market with regards to its competitors which are Halliburton, Baker Hughes and Weatherford. The strategic approach identification of each company and the market position would be done by utilizing Porters framework of competitive analysis and will help in analyzing the position of the companies through its competitors array. This report will provide insights into the speed with which the competitors in Middle East are able to acquire the market share and also analyze Schlumbergers value-creating strategy which would determine how long this competitive advantage will last. List of figures: Figure 1: Revenue of the Oilfield Service Industry in Billion $ Figure 2: Upstream Capital Expenditure from 2001 2013 Figure 3: Average rig Count according to Baker Hughes International Figure 4: Porters five force model Figure 5: Production of crude oil in the Middle East Figure 6: Production of natural gas in the Middle East Figure 7: Revenue of Schlumbergers competitors region-wise Figure 8: Estimated percentage of merger and acquisitions in next 2 years. List of Tables: Table 1: Baker Hughes International Rig Count displaying the active rigs. Table 2: Relation between WTI crude oil price, upstream CAPEX and avg Rig Count Table 3: Impact of each force on the oilfield service industry Table 4: Key success factors of the oilfield service industry Table 5: Global and Middle East revenues of Schlumbergers competitors in Middle East Table 6: Comparative analysis of Schlumberger and its competitors Table 7: Competitors array of Schlumberger Table 8: YTD revenue of Schlumbergers competitors Contents Introduction: The oil and gas industry seems to have recovered from the slump in 2008-09 due to the economic crisis as we can see that the oil and gas prices are rising for the past three years. The oilfield service industry which is an integral part of the petroleum industry was no exception to this phenomenon. The oilfield service industry which provides services to the exploration industries has witnessed increase in the profitable quarters over the past three years and it continues to grow despite the current Eurozone crisis and all the challenges faced by the service industry due to economic situations such as the BP Deepwater Horizon incident. Schlumberger, which is the leading oilfield service company all across the globe, enjoys a major market share over other companies and has been one of the most profitable companies amidst all these hardships. As of December 31, 2011, the company had more than 113,000 people of over 140 nationalities working in approximately 85 countries. The companys revenue touched $39.54 billion in 2011 crossing the highest revenue by any company in this sector. Schlumberger is located in various geographic areas such North America, Latin America, Middle East/Asia, Europe and Africa. In the Middle East/Asia region, Schlumberger does have a competitive advantage over others but no competitive advantage is permanent. Thus the company has to keep a constant check on its existing competitors and the new players to the oil field services industry. Given the industry context mentioned above, the main aim of this business report is to analyze the current trend in this industry and also to analyze Schlumbergers competitors in the Middle East to sustain its competitive advantage. The primary objective of this report is to ensure that Schlumberger is aware of the changes going on in the Middle East that is affecting its ongoing strategies and business plans and also to keep a close eye on its competitors new strategies and the advancements they are making. It is also to ensure that their current strategies are in line with the business environment and if not, what changes can be brought about in order to keep it at par with the other competitors within the industry. The main findings of the project will assist Schlumberger not only in maintaining their strong position within the industry, but will also help them in evaluating and forecasting about the changes in advance and develop their business plans accordingly. Chapter 1: Literature Review: Porter five forces Model: There are a number of management tools which analyze the industrys profitability despite the existing competitions and changes in the economy. This section will help us in getting an understanding about the appropriate strategies to gauge industry analysis. For getting an understanding about the proper strategic analysis of an industry, there are a few management tools and theories such as SCP Paradigm, Porter five forces model and Value Net model. The Structure Control Performance framework is derived from the Industrial Organization (IO) economics and it studies the market based on the three elements and also tries to draw a connection between them, (Fu, 2003). Mason (1939, 1949) and Bain (1951, 1956, 1959) as cited in (Goddard, Wilson and Lipcztynski, 2005, p6) had developed the SCP paradigm. It correlates the relationship between the market structure, company conduct and company performance (Ajlouni, 2010). According to this approach, the structure of a market influences the conduct of the firms operating in the market, which in turn influences the performance of those firms. (Goddard, Wilson and Lipczynski, 2005, p6). Thus the SCP paradigm analyses the industry in three steps. First, the structure analyses the basic framework of the market which is required by the company for conducting business. It involves the buyers and sellers, barriers to entry, product differentiations, vertical integration and diversifications. Second, the model analyses the behavior of the firms to get an in depth analysis about the business objectives, pricing policies, research and development, acquisitions and mergers. The third, performance describes the parameters required to measure the performance of the industry through profitability, growth and increase efficiency. The SCP Paradigm is based mainly on empirical research than on theoretical aspects and it was one of the dominant models till the early 1980s (Slade, 2003). Thus there were many criticisms about the model because of its dependence on the empirical researches and one of the main problems of the paradigm was to analyze many of the variables in each factor of the paradigm. The further growth on the Industrial Organization witnessed the introduction of Porters five forces model. One of the well-known and an important framework is Porter Five Forces Model. Porters five forces is heavily influenced by the SCP Paradigm as one the Structure of the paradigm is basically the Porter Five Forces model and the other Performance is outcome of Porters model which is the profitability (Goddard, Wilson and Lipcztynski, 2005, p16-18). Micheal E.Porter (1979) developed this model which attempts to handle the main forces which affect the industry structure. Porter five forces model tries to explain the industry structure and the competitive conditions by evaluating the following forces: the risk of new entry in the industry, the degree of rivalry among established competitors, the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers and the threat of substitute products. According to Porter, the presence of stronger forces of the model, make the business environment of the industry to be more challenging and is less attractive to the investors. On the contrary, if the forces are weak, then the companies seem to be in a more profitable condition as there would be less competition in the market. According to Kevin Coyne and Somu Subramanian (1996) as cited in The McKinsey Quarterly(2001), this model is built under three essential assumptions: Firstly, the buyers, suppliers, substitutes and competitors are not related and do not interact with each other in the industry. Secondly, more capital will be available to the companies that have a structural advantage over their competitors and potential entrants. Thirdly, there is much lower risk involvement which let the companies in the market to plan properly and prepare a strategy accordingly. According to Mintzberg (1994), Porter assumption that future of the industry can be predicted based on the present market conditions is being discarded by Mintzberg. He explains that a company cannot forecast future market conditions precisely owing to economic changes and also technological innovations. Every model has its limitations and criticisms and Porter Five forces model is no exception to it. The limitations are: Firstly, the model was based originally on the economic situation of the eighties when there was a strong competition and relatively stable market structures. Second, it does not focus on the different challenges that a company faces as it enters international arena. The challenges faced by them in other nations are extremely different in comparison to what it faces in its own nation. Third, Porter takes into consideration only the industrial factors, whereas it overlooks the company resources available to the industry without which the profitability of the industry cannot be determined. Finally, as and when the companies expand, they diversify themselves into various other markets and other regions and thus the model does not concentrate on role of expansions and various acquisitions (Parnell, 2004, p50-51). Brandenberger and Nalebuff (1985) as cited in Unknown (n.d.) too identified an important flaw in the Porter model. In the book, Coopetition (Competition + Co-operation), has been discussed but the model ignores the strategic alliance which exists between some industries and which in turn helps each other to bring out a finalized product. These are mainly known as complementors in business terminology. Thus Brandenberger and Nalebuff in addition to suppliers, consumers and competitors introduced a new force namely the complementors. This was known as Value Net. This is basically an extension of the Porters model and is known by the name of Value Net model. Porters five forces analyze what are the challenges in the face of their growth opportunities whereas Value Net model analyses threats and opportunities available to the industry (Unknown, n.d.). Porter admits that developing a strategy in a new emerging industry or in a business undergoing revolutionary technological change is a daunting proposition (Downes and Mui, 2000, p60). According to Downes and Mui, Porter explains that the new digitalized and high tech world comes with a lot of complexities and developing a full proof strategy is a daunting task and this does not mean that the old rules are invalid. But if we look around in todays work environment, we will find that every industry is heavily dependent on the new technology. Thus Downes and Mui introduced three new forces to the Porter five force model namely Digitalization, Globalization and Deregulation (Downes and Mui, 2000, p64-67). These are the driving forces which steers the modern business houses in the right direction and amongst these the most important force is Digitalization. Thus the setback with the Porters framework is the absence of the digitalization force which has revamped the industries with the introduction of modern technology. Though from the above discussion it may appear that Porter five forces is outdated as it does not consider digitalization. But if we consider both its assumptions and limitations, it is one of the effective management tools that can be used in business and can easily be understood by the managers. Porters Competitive Framework: There are different strategic frameworks available which would be helpful for doing a competitor analysis. The most prominent among them are Porters Competitive Framework and SWOT analysis. Porters Competitive Framework is a management tool which is used to analyze the industry on four basic elements namely: future goals, current strategies, assumptions and capabilities. Future goals discuss what drives the competitor, current strategy discusses what a competitor is doing or can do, assumptions focus on the supposition made by the firm about itself and the industry and capabilities discuss about the strengths and weaknesses of the firm (Porter, 1980). This is one of the most prominent frameworks but a lot of researches are based on assumptions about competitor analysis which is discussed below. A lot of scholars have defined what a competitors analysis is but the most difficult part is the evaluation of the competitor at a firm level (Tsai, Su and Chen, 2011). A number of studies have been conducted on how a competitor could be analyzed at a firm level. Porac et al, 1995 presented a cognitive model which is developed on the basis of the observation the firm makes about its competitors actions and reactions and then decide on its strategy. Also, Baum and Lant (2003) as cited in (Tsai, Su and Chen, 2011) illustrated that resemblance in geographic location, price and size are sufficient for a firm to have an idea about their competitors. Chen in 1996 gave a different perspective of competitor by introducing the two-firm concept explaining that a competitor analysis is mainly based on market commonality and resource similarity. But many researchers found the two-firm concept to be difficult to relate with the competitor analysis. Competitors analysis is necessary for every enterprise as because there may be certain gaps which the company might not foresee while making competitive decisions. Zajac and Bazerman(1991) discussed the relation between the strategic decision making process and competitive analysis and named the gap between them as competitive blind spots. They discussed how a wrong assumption by a firm about its competitor may result in blind spots. Rothschild (1979) too discussed on where the companies many miss the link and what are the questions to be posed for a proper competitor analysis. Tsai, Su and Chen, 2011 gave a different perspective with regard to the competitor analysis by introducing the concept of competitor acumen. It illustrated about the relationship between the different firms in the same industry and also the extent to which a firm can understand its competitors. Every researcher mentioned above has challenged the Porters framework but none of these have the same prominence as Porters framework. However, there exists a challenge which in the Porters framework that cannot be ignored. Porter does discuss about the fact that when a competitor analysis is done, a firm should know both its direct (current) and indirect (emerging) competitors. However, it does not discuss whether a firm should consider all its competitors or only the top three or four or just a bunch of them. Thus the firm has to analyze the industry first, identify its competitors and then go for competitor analysis (Rao, 2011). The SWOT analysis focuses on the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats which a firm faces and its advantages in comparison to other competitors in the marketplace. SWOT analysis has a lot of advantages, for example its framework is extremely simple which helps a firm to identify its focus and can be applied to many intelligence reports like market intelligence. The analysis has a drawback as well. It can be too private and disconnected from the realities that are impacting the company (Evans, n.d, p7). Since Strength and Weakness part is been covered in the Capabilities part of the Porters framework and Opportunities and Threats are also discussed, it is an important competitor analysis tool despites its limitation. Chapter 2: Oilfield Service (OFS) Industry and its trends: 2.1 Background of the Oil Field Service Industry The energy sector comprises of the petroleum (oil and gas industry), electric power, coal, nuclear power and the renewable energy industries. The petroleum industry plays an important role in this sector as crude oil and unconventional natural gas account for a large percentage in worlds energy consumption which is around 56% (BP, 2012). Thus, the work of the petroleum industry is primarily classified into two main activities namely- upstream and downstream activities. The upstream activities in this industry are the exploration and production activities. The exploration activities include locating of the hydrocarbon reserves, such as oil and gas reserves, which can be done through desk study, aerial survey and seismic survey. After locating the reserves, the next step is to drill the surface and pump the hydrocarbon out of the reserves. This can be done both on the onshore (water) and offshore (land) through drilling rigs. After the drilling and getting an idea about the size of the oil field, the next step would be production and development activity where the oil and gas is produced through various techniques and services. After the oil and gas has been extracted from the reservoir and brought to the surface, it is then taken to the refineries where the downstream activities begin. The downstream activities in the industry include refining and processing of the oil and gas products and then further distribution of these products through various distribution channels like the retailers, distribution companies, chemical plants etc. The important industry which supports the upstream activities is the oilfield service industry. The oilfield service industry provides equipment and services which are utilized in the exploration and extraction of the hydrocarbons mainly oil and gas. This industry is thus the backbone of the oil and natural gas industry providing various services and equipments for the proper running of the industry. (Etechinternational, n.d.) 2.2 Demand for the oilfield service industry: The demand for the oil field services industry in the market can be measured in terms of the revenue generated by the industry over the years. Given below is the revenue generated by the industry in USD billion over the years from 2007-2011 and it also states about the forecast of the industry for the next five years till 2016. (Source: MarketLine, 2012) Figure 1: Revenue of the Oilfield Service Industry in Billion $ The global revenue of the industry increased till the 2008 where it reached the highest point of USD 361.9 billion. Then there was a decrease in the revenue in 2009 to USD 256.9 billion where the revenue declined by 29.1% mainly due to the global economic and financial crisis resulting in the drop of the oil price. The WTI Crude Oil Price for past few years (refer Appendix 1) indicates that the oil price was once at its peak in 2008 at $145.16/barrel (Yahoo Charts, 2012) and then there was a sudden drop in the oil price and this price drop did sustain in the industry for quite sometime. This drop in the price of the oil led to loss of billions of dollars due to various macro and micro-economic factors in the market (Hamilton, 2009). But later on after the financial crisis, the industry started to improve its business and now since the market has been stabilized and it seems to be rising and expected to reach global revenue of $638.4 billion by 2016 (MarketLine 2012). Knowing the basics of the oilfield service industry, gives us a brief idea about the indicators which is extremely useful for understanding the growth of the industry and the factors influencing its growth. 2.2 a Upstream Capital Expenditure: The growth of the oilfield service industry also depends upon the capital expenditure of the companies in the upstream industry. The companies in the upstream industry is basically segregated into large integrated super-major oil and natural gas companies, international independent oil and natural gas companies which are also known as the International Oil Companies(IOCs), and the national or state-owned oil companies known as the National Oil companies(NOCs). Thus the upstream expenditure will result as a combination of all these three types of companies. The upstream capital expenditure appears to be rising over the past few years and is expected to be profitable over the next few years as well. The total capital expenditure was estimated to be USD 450 billion in 2011(Brown, n.d), which was at an all time high over the years and the oil field service industry seemed profitable at this juncture. The oil and gas exploration and production capital expenditure (CAPEX) for the past decade and for the next few years is shown below. (Source: Combination of WoodMackenzie Corporate Analysis Tool and Upstream Service cited in Brown,n.d and Energy Equipment and Support Services Oilfield Services Sector Report, 2010, please refer Appendix 2 and 3) Figure 2: Upstream Capital Expenditure from 2001 2013 In the above figure we see that the upstream capital expenditure does not include the exploration and appraisal spend. In this graph, we see that the expenditure was increasing until 2008, after which there was a dip in 2009 due to the global economic and financial crisis. 2.2b Rig Count: There are many indicators where the investors of oilfield service industry can gauge the growth or the demand of the industry. The upstream capital expenditure is one of the principal indicators which provide insights on how the industry is generating the revenue but the major concern with the upstream capital expenditure is that the figures are not released on a timely basis as it is shown in the quarterly or the annual report. So it is difficult to have updated information for a particular period of time like weekly or monthly about the industry. Thus, to have timely updates about the industry, another important indicator which helps the investors to know about the global demands of the industry is known as the rig count. The rig count indicates the number of rigs which are currently active in the industry and this shows the number of active rigs, and the specific areas has more demand indicating the demand for more labor. It is very easy and the quickest way for accessing the growth in the oil field service industry. It is used by many companies, analysts like for example Wall Street analysts use the rig count for profit projections from the oil field service companies (Sprehe, 2004). There are a number of rig counts available to serve the industry like the Baker Hughes, Smith Tools but the most commonly used rig count is the Baker Hughes (BHI) rig count as it is one of the oldest rig counts in the industry. Baker Hughes Rig count gives a weekly update on the North America rigs and a monthly update on the International rigs. Area Last Count Count Change from Prior Count Date of Prior Count Change from Last Year Date of Last Years Count US 17-Aug-12 1914 -17 10-Aug-12 -60 19-Aug-11 Canada 17-Aug-12 326 +27 10-Aug-12 -160 19-Aug-11 International Jul-12 1264 -21 Jun-12 +114 Jul-12 (Source: BHI Rig Count as on 20-Aug-12, Baker Hughes Investor Relations, Rig Count) Table 1: Baker Hughes International Rig Count displaying the active rigs As we see in the above table, it shows the update on the active rigs in America, Canada and in the International arena as well where we can see that the last count for the America rigs is on the 17-August 2012(weekly) whereas for International it is July 2012(monthly). This table also analyses the changes in the active rig count from the date of prior count. This table also presents before us a clear picture on how the industry has grown comparing from previous years figures (Baker Hughes Investor Relations, Rig Count, 2012). The Baker Hughes rig count measures the number of rigs which are actually being drilled at a give point of time on a weekly (North America) and monthly (rest of world) basis. This indicator also provides additional information like rig count in different states, or whether the rigs were used for drilling the oil or the natural gas from the surface. A lot of products and services are required for an active rig and thus the use of these products and services show the demand for the services provided by the oilfield service industry (Brener, 2008). An increase or decrease in the rig count also shows the fluctuations in the job market of the oilfield service industry. Increase in rig count increases the job opportunities in the oilfield. The BHI count considers the count of active rigs which means the rigs which are actually drilling holes on the land or the sea to extract the oil or the gas. Therefore, if a rig is being transferred from one location to another, or is being involved in non-drilling activities like casing or completion and production activities, then Baker Hughes does not count the rig as active, even if the activity is still being performed at the field by a number of suppliers and outworkers. Though the rig count provides us with a brief idea about the drilling activity, it does not show many other important factors. The factors which the rig count does not focus on are production activities, depth, cost and location (Brener, 2008). The chart shows the average rig count worldwide from 2000 to June 2012 and we can observe that number of rigs have been on the increasing trend apart from when there was a dip during the financial crisis which hit the industry adversely. (Source: Baker Hughes Investor relations, Rig Count 2012). Figure 3: Global average Rig Count (Oil + Gas + Misc) according to Baker Hughes International The average rig counts for 2011-present from various geographical locations is shown in Appendix 4 where we observe that North America has been leading all the way and that is where the companies generate the maximum amount of revenue. 2.2c Current Industry Trend: The trends of an industry help us to understand what are the current issues and their effect which help us to speculate the likelihood of its impact in the future. There have been many other micro and macro factors which affect the industry trends like government rules and regulations, the oil and gas demand and supply etc which ultimately are the main reasons for the fluctuations in oil and gas price. Thus the trend of the industry can be known from the fluctuations in the oil and gas prices. High prices are beneficial for the industry and vice-versa. The following table shows the relation between the WTI oil price, upstream capital spending and the rig count. Avg. oil rig count Int. N.A. Canada Avg. WTI Oil Price 2007 768 297 127 76 2008 814 379 161 87 2009 764 278 103 55 2010 825 591 199 80.5 2011 897 984 278 95.5 2012(August) 946 1344 260 93.5 (Source: Avg.WTI Crude Oil Price Average WTI crude oil price Yahoo Charts. Upstream CAPEX Combination of WoodMackenzie Corporate Analysis Tool and Upstream Service cited in Brown, n.d and Energy Equipment and Support Services Oilfield Services Sector Report, 2010, please refer Appendix 2 and 3. Average oil Rig Count Baker Hughes Investor Relations) Table 2: Relation between WTI crude oil price, upstream CAPEX and oil Rig Count The above table shows the main trends in the industry indicating that the its demand is dependent on the Upstream CAPEX and Rig count which depend on the WTI crude oil price. This shows that when crude oil price increase, there is a tendency for the investors to invest more in this industry. We see a dip in 2008 due to the economic crisis but in this year we saw that the highest price was $145.16 per barrel in July and the lowest was $30.28 per barrel in December. The average rig counts has also seen a dip during the year 2009 from 2008 indicating that there was less demand of labor during that year. Thus we can suggest that the Rig Count depends on the Investment in the Upstream Industry which in turn is dependent on various factors such as crude oil and gas price fluctuations. Having known the trend in the industry we need to analyze how a company will maintain its profitability in different economic situation which holds good for the future as well. This can be analyzed in the next chapter using the Porter Five Forces Model. Chapter 3: Porter five forces analysis: In order to know the profitability of an industry, the corporate strategists suggest using the Porter five forces model as it is the best way for anticipating the competitive environment. Porter (2008) said Understanding the competitive forces, and their underlying causes, reveals the roots of an industrys current profitability while providing a framework for anticipating and influencing competition (and profitability) over time. The Porter 5 forces are: Rivalry among existing customers, Threats of substitutes, Power of suppliers, Power of buyers and Threats of new entrants. The impact of the forces on this industry is shown in the following table: Forces Impact Rivalry among the existing competitors HIGH Power of Suppliers MODERATE Threat of Substitutes LOW Power of Buyers HIGH Threat of New Entrants LOW Table 3: Impact of each force on the oilfield service industry (Source: 12manage, n.d.) Figure 4: Porters five force model 3. a Threat of new entrants: If we consider this particular industry, then one thing that is pretty clear is that the competitors have been operating in this sector for many years and giving them a tough challenge is not an easy task. An ideal new entrant tries to enter and capture the market share and put pressure on the competitors directly by applying new technology and new ideas. The impact of the new entrants in the oilfield service industry is low. The presence of